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Tbe  Hall  idle  Endless  V/ire  Rope- 
way, Manufactured  by  California 
-ire  Works,  San  Francisco  .,. 
Catalogue  no, 21  pt.l 


POP  P' 


M  ONLY 


« 


CATALOGUE    No.    21 

PART    1. 


j^   js^   THE   js/   JS^ 


HALLIDIE  WIRE 
ROPEWAY 


MANUFACTURKD     BY 


C/lLIFORNl/1  WIRE  WORKS 


SAN  FRANCISCO,   CAL. 

U.    S.    A. 


1902 


^*i^Si>  ♦i**^^  »•»»»»»»»»»»»»»:»:»  »  »:»»  » :»:»:»»:!>:>  i'^^a^^^^a^^t^^fe 


TRAMWAY. 


!lUlVl-ihlh(i|;/Vlll>K4i|l|||^        '.) 

('ii|*vlliiKii|ii|i|||/\iwii;s/;i;v  .  , 
i||||l'l/J\'l>IK'c.ii|(:(i||i|||:ii;.  \  ( 
I  l-ilinc\c.||  •  Kili(((viiii-  ■,  .7' 


THE  HALLIDIE 
ENDLESS  WIRE 
ROPEWAY 

MANUFACTURED    BV 

CalifoFDia  Wire  Works 

5AM    rPAKCISCO 
CALir.,  u.  5.  A. 

1902 


A- 


SUPPORTIXC,      r-jWl 
(frontispiece.) 


t    -J 


J-7S7 


J\)(^  \\3\M\(^  E9dles5  U/ir(^  I^opeuyay. 


The  Hallidie  Ropeway  consists  of  a  single  endless  moving  wire  rope 
passing  around  horizontal  grip  pulleys  or  sheaves  at  the  extremities  of 
the  line  [Figs.  2  and  3],  and  being  supported  at  intervals  by  towers  car- 
rying supporting  sheaves.  [See  frontispiece.]  To  this  rope  the  carriers 
are  securely  fastened,  and  hence  as  the  rope  travels  it  moves  the  carriers 
and  their  loads  with  it. 

A  general  idea  of  the  main  features  is  given  in  Figure  i.  Near  the 
mouth  of  the  tunnel,  and  somewhat  below  it,  is  the  upper  terminal  of  the 
Ropeway,  which   contains  the  grip  pulley  with  the  brake  and  the   fair 


Figure  1. 


leader  sheaves.  The  ore  from  the  mine  is  dumped  into  bins  near  the 
Ropeway,  and  from  them  loaded  either  by  hand  or  mechanically  [see  Figs. 
30  and  31]  into  the  moving  buckets  of  the  Ropeway.  From  the  terminal 
the  line  passes  over  the  sheaves  on  the  towers,  which  are  set  one  hundred 
feet  or  more  apart,  as  the  local  conditions  require.  Where  there  are  canyons 
or  valleys  to  be  crossed,  the  span  is  increased,  as  the  tension  in  the  rope 
will  lift  it  so  high  above  the  ground  that  it  will  be  impossible  to  place  a 
tower.  Such  a  span  is  showm  about  the  middle  of  the  line  in  Fig.  i. 
These  spans  do  not  in  any  way  interfere  with  the  working  of  the  line, 
and  we  have  lines  working  satisfactorily  which  contain  spans  over  2,000 
feet  long.  The  lower  terminal,  containing  the  horizontal  sheave,  is  placed 
over  the  ore  bins  in  such  a  position  that  the  buckets  dump  their  loads  into 


307G^a 


Fig.  2 


tbe  bins.  From  the  bins  the  ore  can  be  sent  directly  to  the  milling 
machinery.  Having  discharged  their  loads,  the  rope  and  buckets  pass 
around  the  terminal  and  up  over  the  sheaves  on  the  other  side  of  the 
lowers  to  the  upper  end,  where  they  are  reloaded. 

The  Dead  Weight  and  Cost  of  the  machinery  in  this  system  is 
reduced  to  a  minimum;  as  there  is  but  one  rope  employed  which  travels 
with  the  load  attached  to  a  clip  fixed  to  the  rope,  the  weight  of  the  material 
employed  in  its  construction  is  about  60  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  the 
apparatus  where  the  two  ropes  [Standing  and  Hauling  Ropes]  are 
employed,  and  consequently  cost  less  in  proportion,  both  in  first  cost  and 
maintenance. 

In  transporting  the  material  used  in  constructing  a  Ropeway  over  the 
trails  or  roads  of  the  mountains,  there  is  consequently  a  considerable  item 
of  expense  saved  on  transportation  and  freight  alone.  (See  Figs.  18,  19 
and  20.  J 

The  Care  of  Machinery  and  apparatus  in  the  mountains,  remote 
from  repair  shops,  mechanics  and  material,  is  a  matter  of  serious  moment, 
and  any  one  who  has  had  experience  in  such  a  region  can  fully  appreciate 
this.     Reduce  the  parts  liable  to  get  out  of  order  and  you  reduce  the  cost 


of  maintenance  and  repairs  and  increase  the  efficiency  of  any  apparatus 
that  has  to  be  manipulated  largely  by  unskilled  labor. 

In  the  HAIyLIDIE  ROPEWAY  every  superfluous  part  is  dispensed 
with  ;  the  Ropeway  itself  is  reduced  to  a  minimum  of  simplicity. 

The  Inspection  of  the  Cable  is  a  very  simple  matter,  as  the  only  rope 
used,  and  on  which  so  much  depends,  passes  constantly  before  the  eye 
of  the  man  in  charge,  who  can  detect  at  any  time  any  imperfection  or  in- 
jury existing  on  any  part  of  the  rope. 

In  a  standing  or  fixed  rope  this  is  not  the  case,  as  a  man  has  to  be 
sent  out  to  make  a  special  examination,  and  at  best  an  imperfect  one; 
and  where  both  a  standing  and  a  running  rope  are  employed,  a  separate 
inspection  must  be  made  of  each  of  them. 

The  Terniinal  Structures  (Figs,  ii,  12,  13  and  14),  consist  of  heavy 
timbers,  thoroughly  framed  and  bolted  together.  To  it  are  fastened  the 
boxes  for  the  end  sheave  or  grip  pulley  and  the  castings  for  the  small 
sheaves  or  fair  leaders  that  guide  the  rope  on  to  the  large  terminal  sheave. 
In  most  cases  we  ship  only  the  bolts  for  the  structure,  and  the  timbers  are 
obtained  near  the  site  of  the  Ropeway  and  framed  on  the  ground.  Occas- 
ionally we  furnish  the  timber  work  also,  in  which  case  the  parts  are  all 


properly  marked  and  the  frame  knocked  down  for  shipment.  Where  it  is 
necessary  to  pack  the  timbers  by  mules  the  long  ones  are  cut  in  two  and 
furnished  with  splice  plates. 

Each  terminal  frame  contains  1,515  feet  B.  M.,  making  ample  allow- 
ance for  all  tenons  but  none  for  waste. 

The  upper  terminal  is  usually  anchored  securely  to  the  bed-rock  as 
shown  in  Fig.  7,  and  the  rope  led  out  horizontally  for  loading  and  until 
it  is  high  above  the  ground. 


A  set  of  complete  drawings  is  furnished  with  each  tramway,  showing 
the  construction  of  all  the  mechanisms. 

The  Grip  Pulley  is  used  to  transmit  power  either  to  or  from  the  rope. 
To  the  rope  when  it  is  necessary  to  drive  the  Ropeway  by  power,  and 
f7077i  the  rope  when  a  line  is  operated  by  gravity  and  furnishes  power  to 
drive  other  machinery,  or  the  extra  power  is  absorbed  by  the  brake  at- 
tached to  the  Grip  Pulley.  This  Pulley  has  been  improved  from  time  to 
time,  and  three  patents  have  been  issued  to  Mr.  Hallidie  for  the  same,  the 
last  of  which  is  dated  September  27,  1892. 

By  referring  to  Figures  4  and  5  it  will  be  seen  that  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  grips  or  hinged  jaws  attached  to  the  periphery  of  the  pulley  into 
which  the  rope  enters,  and  pressing  on  the  bottom  of  the  jaws  causes  them 
to  grip  or  close  over  the  rope,  the  amount  of  gripping  power  being  deter- 
mined by  the  length  and  travel  of  the  jaws  and  the  pressure  from  the  rope. 

Formerly  the  jaws  of  the  grip  rested  in  pockets  cast  in  the  periphery 
of  the  pulley,  but  it  was  found  impracticable  to  get  the  pockets  of  uniform 
depths  and  many  of  the  grips  were  useless  in  consequence.  Such  a  grip 
pulley  is  now  being  made  by  other  tramway  companies.  In  the  improved 
Grip  Pulley  the  pockets  are  done  away  with  and  a  continuous  groove 
takes  their  places,   insuring  uniformity  of  distance,  duty  of  every  grip. 


f.        S 


*  if 


Fig.  11. 


and  greater  simplicity  in  construction.  The  grips  are  held  in  positionby 
webs  cast  on  them,  which  fit  loosely  into  slots  in  the  outer  edge  of  the 
pulley.  (See  Fig.  5.)  The  Grip  Pulley  and  attachments  are  built  up  of 
parts  which  can  be  separated  and  put  in  parcels  to  pack  on  mule  back,  as 
are  all  the  other  parts  of  the  Hallidie  Ropeway.  (See  Figs.  18,  19  and 
20.)  Every  part  is  marked  and  can  be  put  together  on  the  ground  by  an 
intelligent  mechanic. 

The  power  to  operate  the  Ropeway  is  derived  either  from  the  weight 
of  the  material  being  transported,  or  from  some  external  source  of  power, 
be  that  a  line  shaft,  an  engine,  a  water  wheel  or  other  prime  mover. 
(See  Figs.  12  and  13.)  When  the  point  of  discharge  is  lower  than  the 
loading  point,  and  the  delivery  is  five  tons  or  more  per  hour,  the  line  will 
operate  by  the  weight  of  the  descending  load  under  ordinary  conditions, 
provided  the  grade  exceeds  eight  degrees  or  one  fall  in  seven  horizontal. 
In  such  cases  the  speed  of  the  line  is  controlled  by  means  of  a  wood- 
lined  band  brake  (see  Figs.  11  and  14),  operated  by  a  hand  wheel  and 
screw  and  clamping  the  brake  wheel  bolted  to  the  grip  pulley. 

For  heavy  lines  a  brake  may  be  placed  on  both  sides  of  the  grip 
pulley,  and  occasionally  a  grip  pulley  and  brake  are  used  at  the  lower  end 
also,  but  usually  in  gravity  lines  a  plain  sheave  is  used  there.  The  man 
having  charge  of  the  loading  attends  to  the  brake  also. 

Where  the  line  is  on  an  incline  less  than  eight  degrees,  or  the  loading 
point  is  lower  than  the  discharge  end,  it  is  necessary  to  supply  the  line 
with  power  from  outside,  either  from  the  mill  shaft  or  from  a  special 
motor.  For  this  purpose  a  bevel  gear  is  bolted  to  the  grip  pulley,  instead 
of  brake  wheel,  and  it  is  driven  by  a  bevel  pinion  on  a  countershaft. 
(See  Figs.  12  and  13J 

When  the  angle  of  descent  is  very  great,  the  descending  load  furnishes 
sufficient  power  to  carry  back  and  up  to  the  mine  such  material  as  may 
be  needed;  and,  in  several  lines  we  have  constructed,  this  saving  when 
taken  into  account,  has  been  so  great  that  it  not  only  brought  the  cost  of 
transporting  the  ore  to  nothing,  but  has  actually  been  a  source  of  revenue. 
Again,  in  cases  where  power  is  needed  at  the  mine  for  pumping, 
crushing  ore,  etc.,  the  Ropeway  can  be  used  either  to  furnish  the  power 
or  to  transmit  it  from  the  mill  end.  Fig.  6  shows  a  rock-crusher  con- 
nected to  the  grip  pulley  by  gearing  and  operated  by  the  Ropeway.  If 
the  grade  is  steep  enough,  the  line  may  generate  enough  extra  power  to 
do  this  work,  but  if  it  does  not,  the  endless  rope  can  be  used  to  transmit 
the  power  delivered  to  a  grip  pulley  at  the  lower  end  to  the  grip  pulley 
at  the  upper  end,  to  which  the  machinery  can  be  connected.  This  work 
will  not  interfere  in  any  way  with  the  regular  duty  of  the  Ropeway 
of  carrying  ore. 

The  Tig'htening-  Apparatus,  for  keeping  the  line  taunt  under  all 
conditions  ot  temperature  and  load,  consists  of  a  strong  wooden  box  filled 


12 


Fig.  13. 


Fig.  14. 


with  rocks  or  old  iron  and  attached  to  the  end  of  a  wire  rope  which 
passes  over  sheaves,  suitably  arranged,  to  the  rear  of  the  terminal  which 
is  set  on  wheels  running  on  a  track.  By  this  means  any  slack  occuring 
in  the  line  is  taken  up  by  the  counterweight.  Figures  8,  9  and  10  are 
sketches  of  the  several  ways  of  arranging  the  tightening  apparatus  under 
tue  conditions  most  likely  to  occur  in  practice.  Illustrations  from  actual 
construction  are  given.     (See  Figs.  2  and  47.) 

The  Intermediate  Towers  are  built  of  substantial  timbers  generally 
twenty  feet  long,  making  a  tower  about  eighteen  feet  high.  These  keep 
the  rope  sufficiently  high  so  that  the  buckets  will  clear   brush    or   snow. 

To  the  ends  of  the  cross-arms  of  the  towers  are  fastened  the  iron 
station  frames  which  carry  the  supporting  sheaves  for  the  rope.  (See 
front'spiece.)  We  have  a  large  number  of  patterns  for  these  sheaves,  of 
various  designs  and  strength,  which  we  use  according  to  the  reqiiire- 
ments  of  the  case.  The  grooves  of  the  sheaves  are  chilled,  and  are  made 
of  a  special  grade  of  iron.  (See  Fig.  43.)  Usually,  however,  the  sheaves 
along  the  line  are  22"  in  diameter,  but  where  a  sharp  angle  is  made  we 
often  use  a  30"  sheave. 

Figure  15  gives  a  very  good  view  of  one  of  these  towers  as  built  on 
the  Hall  Mines  R.^^peway.      (Also  see  frontispiece.)      From  its  shape  Inis 


14 


Fig.  16. 


form  of  tower  has  been  nick-named  the  A  X  tower,  as  the  side  view  of  it 
is  a  perfect  A  and  the  end  view  is  an  X. 

Where  the  nature  of  the  ground  is  uneven,  a  higher  station  is  often 
needed,  as  seen  in  the  distance  in  Figure  15,  in  which  case  the  regular 
A  X  tower  is  placed  on  a  rectangular  base  to  bring  it  up  to  the  required 
height.  Such  a  tower  seventy-five  feet  high  is  shown  in  Figure  17.  This 
is  a  better  arrangement  than  to  design  a  special  tower  for  each  place,  as 
all  the  upper  parts  can  be  framed  from  the  same  templates  and  the  bases 
built  of  rough  timber  on  the  site  of  the  towers. 

In  places  w^here  there  is  danger  of  snow  slides,  a  simple  mast  of  very 
heavy  timber  or  a  bunch  of  two  or  three  masts  can  be  set  in  the  ground, 
a  cross-arm  set  at  the  top  and  the  whole  securely  guyed.  As  this  offers 
less  resistance  to  a  slide  there  are  more  chances  of  its  dividing  and  pass- 
ing around  the  mast  than  around  a  tower  with  a  base  twelve  or  more  feet 
square.  If,  however,  a  tower  is  swept  away,  the  line  itself  is  not  injured, 
the  only  loss  being  that  of  the  tower  itself. 

On  very  steep  bluffs  it  is  sometimes  easier  to  secure  a  simple  X  frame 
by  anchoring  the  base  and  gujang  the  top  than  it  would  be  to  obtain  a 
footing  for  the  regular  towers. 

The  Rope  used  on  our  Ropeways  is  of  the  class  known  as  "  flexible 
crucible  steel  rope,"  and   is  usually  made  of  six  strands  laid  around  a 


16 


^%^:^>h"^j:^   „    ?.''jl5^ 


m^ 


17 

"1 


%    '  ^-., 


■^ 


H 


*.«.  .*«  ---» 


*r  ? 


Fig.  20. 


hemp  center,  and  each  strand  consisting  of  nineteen  wires.  The  size  of 
the  rope  is  determined  bj^  the  work  to  be  performed,  the  usual  sizes  being 
%",  }i",  and  i"  diameter. 

The  rope  is  usually  shipped  on  reels  holding  several  thousand  feet, 
but  where  the  upper  part  of  the  line  is  inaccessible  to  wagons,  the  rope. 


Fig.  21. 


18 


like  the  rest  of  the  machinery,  must  be  packed  so  that  it  can  be  loaded  on 
mules.  (See  Figs.  i8,  19  and  20,)  We  make  a  specialty  of  coiling  our 
cables  so  that  they  can  be  easily  transported  in  this  way,  even  when 
thousands  of  feet  long  and  weighing  several  tons.  Figures  18,  19  and  20 
are  from  photographs  of  trains  of  mules  packing  cables  along  trails.  Each 
animal  carries  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  pounds,  including  the  piece  of 
slack  rope  fifteen  or  twenty  feet  long  connecting  its  load  to  the  next  one 
in  the  rear.  This  piece  is  usually  held  up  by  a  native  so  that  it  will  not 
drag  on  the  ground. 

In  stretching  the  rope  the  simplest  way  is  to  set  up  the  reel  of  rope 
at  the  upper  end  and  drag  the  end  down  the  line  by  means  of  a  mule,  and 
as  each  station  is  passed  it  is  raised  on  to  the  sheave.  When  one  side  is 
all  out  the  upper  end  is  made  fast  and  the  other  side  is  stretched  out  in 
like  manner.  The  upper  two  ends  are  then  spliced  together,  and  after 
one  of  the  lower  ends  has  been  passed  around  the  tower  sheave  the  ropes 
are  drawn  up  to  the  proper  tension  and  the  last  two  ends  spliced  together. 
The  counter- weight  rope  and  box  is  then  attached  to  the  lower  terminal 
and  loaded. 

While  in  service  the  rope  should  be  coated  frequently  with  a  mixture 
of  pine  tar  containing  one-tenth  raw  oil,  boiled  together  and  applied  warm. 
Care  must  be  taken  not  to  burn  the  tar  in  boiling  or  its  virtue  will  be  lost. 
This  coating  lubricates  the  wires  and  prevents  unnecessary  internal  wear 
of  the  rope. 

The  Clip  is  used  to  attach  the  loads  to  the  rope,  and  is  so  designed 
that  it  will  pass  the  end  sheaves  and  also  go  over  the  sheaves  along  the 
line.      (See  Figs.  21  and  44.) 

The  Strap  Clip  (Fig.  44),  patented  February  12,  1892,  is  the  result 
of  careful  thought,  time  and  experiment.  It  is  made  of  steel,  and  con- 
sists of  five  parts — a  shank,  the  leaf  or  strap,  a  key,  a  bolt  and  a  nut. 
The  strap  surrounds  the  rope,  and,  by  means  of  the  bolt  and  nut  and  key 
holds  the  shank  in  position.  The  key  is  used  to  tighten  up  the  strap 
when  the  rope  becomes  smaller  or  the  strap  becomes  larger  by  wear.  The 
strap,  when  worn  out,  is  removed  by  driving  out  the  key  and  removing 
the  bolt.  A  new  strap  is  then  put  on  and  secured  by  the  bolt  and  key  as 
before  in  a  very  few  minutes,  and  at  small  cost. 

The  Center  Clip  (Fig.  21),  patented  May  9,  1899,  No.  624648,  is  the 
most  simple  clip  on  the  market.  It  is  made  in  halves  and  drop-forged. 
The  life  of  this  clip  is  incalculable. 

This  clip  has  been  tested  under  hanging  loads,  and  sustained  a  load 
of  2,000  pounds  before  showing  au}^  weakness,  and  2,500  pounds  before 
being  sufficiently  distorted  to  prevent  its  passing  the  station  sheaves  and 
horizontal  end  pulleys. 


19 


Fig.  22. 


The  Ore  Bucket  (Figs.  22  and  29),  is  self-dumping  and  is  attached 
by  a  hanger  directly  to  the  lugs  of  the  clips  by  a  bolt  and  nut.  (See  Fig. 
22.)  The  carrier  complete  weighs  about  seventy  pounds,  and  contains 
one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  pounds  of  ore.  Under  this 
arrangement  the  load  is  fixed  to  the  rope  and  travels  with  it,  and  the 
carrier  is  filled  while  passing  and  while  the  rope  is  moving  at  a  speed  of 
about  two  and  a  half  to  three  feet  per  second.  It  is  not,  however,  neces- 
sary that  the  load  should  be  fixed  to  the  moving  rope,  nor  that  the  load 


20 


should  be  limited  to  one  hundred  pounds  in  weight,  as  each  clip,  as  or- 
dinarily made,  is  capable  of  holding  two  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  under 
a  factor  of  safety  of  eight,  and  the  number  of  clips  can  be  increased  to  any 
reasonable  number  desired  and  the  load  increased  in  proportion,  but  the 
most  satisfactory  and  economical  result  in  delivering  ore,  or  similar 
material,  can  be  obtained  by  single  loads  of  from  one  hundred  to  two  hun- 
dred and  fift}^  pounds. 

Although  the  clip  is  always  attached  securely  to  the  rope,  for  the 
reason  that  it  shall  not  slip  at  any  angle  of  the  rope,  and  thus  the  weight 
of  the  descending  load  is  taken  advantage  of  to  carry  the  ascending  load» 


21 


Fig.  24. 


22 

the  carrier  and  its  load  can  be  attached  or  detached  at  will  by  an  interme- 
diate connection,  and,  where  heavy  loads  are  transported,  this  is  usually 
done,  and  the  load  run  on  to  and  off  from  the  clip-hanger  as  required. 

In  addition  to  the  buckets  for  ore,  we  make  special  carriers  for  special 
loads.  Figure  23  illustrates  an  automatic  dumping  sling  for  a  cask.  In 
this  case  two  clips  are  used,  as  the  load  was  five  hundred  pounds.     Figure 

23  shows  the  bundle  carriers  used  on  the  line  recently  furnished  for  carry- 
ing baggage  and  supplies  over  Chilcoot  Pass  on  the  route  to  the  famous 
Klondike  district    in  the  Northwest  Territory.     (See   Fig.   39.)     Figure 

24  is  a  drawing  for  a  wood  or  cane  basket.  It  has  been  used  extensively 
in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  for  carrying  sugar  cane.  (See  Fig.  45.)  The 
carriers  are  loaded  in  the  field  by  depressing  the  rope  so  that  the  native 
laborers  can  throw  in  the  cane  as  they  pass.  The}'  are  dumped  on  the 
apron  at  the  mill  by  tripping  the  latch. 

This  illustrates  a  few  types  of  carriers.  We  make  them  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  any  class  of  materials.     (See  Fig.  25.) 

In  Figure  6  is  a  sketch  of  hand-loading  platform,  bin,  etc. 

In  loading  merchandise  it  is  usual  to  attach  by  hand,  as  the  varying 
conditions  and  shape  of  the  loads  prohibit  passing  them  through  any 
mechanism,  but  where  a  quantity  of  the  same  class  of  goods  is  con- 
stantly handled,  platforms  can  be  arranged  to  make  the  operation  simple. 
Figure  27  illustrates  a  bundle  of  wire  in  transit  at  our  factor}^  having 
just  been  loaded  from  the  platform. 

The  Loadings  of  the  Carriers  can  be  done  by  hand  or  automatically. 

In  some  cases  where  the  amount  to  be  handled  is  small,  the  best  way 
is  to  dump  the  ore  from  the  mine  on  a  smooth  floor  of  sheet  iron,  and 
then  shovel  by  hand  labor  directly  into  the  ore  carriers  as  they  slowly 
pass  in  front  of  the  ore  dump,  a  little  above  the  level  of  the  floor.  (See 
Fig.  6.)  The  ore  carriers  move  at  a  speed  of  about  two  and  a  half  to 
three  feet  per  second,  and  a  scoop  shovel  will  fill  the  carriers  with  one 
hundred  pounds  of  ore  each.  With  one  man  two  to  three  tons  can  be 
handled  and  conveyed  over  the  line  each  hour. 

Where  the  amount  of  ore  exceeds  two  or  three  tons  per  hour,  or  the 
cost  of  labor  is  high,  the  loading  may  be  done  mechanically,  in  which 
case  one  man  will  load  ten  to  twenty-five  tons  per  hour,  and  can  also 
attend  to  the  brake  or  driving  machinery  if  conveniently  arranged. 

The  Mechanical  Loader  manufactured  by  this  Company,  and  shown 
in  side  and  end  elevation  by  Figure  30,  is  the  simplest  and  most  efficient 
mechanical  device  ever  invented  for  the  purpose.  There  is  nothing  to 
get  out  of  order  and  very  little  to  wear  out.     It  is  placed  in  front  of  the 


23 


Fig.  28. 


Fig.  29. 
AUTOMATIC  BOTTOM  DUMP  BUCKET. 

ore  bin  and  receives  the  ore  from  the  chute,  whence  it  is  discharged  into 
a  loader  hopper  at  the  foot  of  a  pendulum.  The  details  of  the  part  that 
actually  do  the  loading  are  shown  in  the  photographic  view,  Figure  31. 
The  device  consists  substantially  of  a  pendulum  swinging  on  trun- 
nions about  tweut}'  feet  above  the  level  of  the  moving  cable.  The  pen- 
dulum is  made  from  sheet-iron  tubing  twelve  inches  in  diameter.  At  the 
lower  end  is  attached  a  loading  box  which  contains,  when  loaded,  enough 


Fig.  so. 

ore  to  fill  one  carrier  of  the  Ropeway.  The  loader  hopper  has  two  sides, 
a  back  and  a  sloping  bottom;  the  front  of  the  hopper  is  open.  While  the 
hopper  is  being  loaded  it  is  held  between  a  guide  and  a  fixed  door  or 
bulkhead,  which  closes  the  open  front. 

The  releasing  of  the  hopper  box  is  done  by  the  clip  on  the  moving 
cable  to  which  the  ore  carrier  is  suspended,  and  which  as  it  moves  along 
strikes  the  end  of  a  lever  which  raises  the  latch  ofi"  its  keeper.  At  the 
time  the  loading  box  is  released  the  ore  carrier  is  immediately  under  the 
nose  of  the  loader  box  ready  to  catch  the  contents  of  the  box.  The  clip 
on  the  moving  cable  then  pushes  the  hopper  out  from  behind  the  fixed 
door,  at  the  same  speed  as  the  carrier,  and  thus  opens  up  the  front  of  the 
loader  box  and  lets  the  contents  pour  into  the  carrier.  The  swing  of 
the  pendulum  raises  it  su65ciently  high  after  a  few  feet  of  travel  to  clear 
the  rope  clip,  and  the  pendulum  with  the  empty  hopper  swings  back  by 
gravity  in  between  the  guide  and  the  bulkhead  ready  to  receive  another 
load  of  ore  from  the  ore  bin. 

A  working  model  of  the  mechanical  loader  in  connection  with  a 
tramway  can  be  seen  at  our  San  Francisco  or  Seattle  office. 


26 


Unloading  of  Carriers  is  done  automatically,  with  bulk  merchandise, 
ore,  etc.,  by  a  latch  on  the  carrier  striking  a  trip,  but  with  irregular 
packages  or  goods  that  will  not  stand  dumping,  the  carriers  are  unloaded 
by  hand. 

Figure  29  shows  the  regular  bottom  dump  bucket  in  the  act  of  dis- 
charging, The  latch  has  just  struck  the  trip  and  the  weight  of  the  ore 
has  opened  the  bottom  and  is  discharging  itself  into  bins. 

Horizontal  Angles  are  sometimes  necessary  in  order  to  avoid  some 
obstacle  that  is  easier  to  go  around  than  to  go  over,  but  they  should  be 
avoided  where  practicable,  as  they  add  to  the  cost  of  construction  and 
usually  increase  the  length  of  the  line.  As  a  general  rule  it  is  simpler  to 
run  a  Ropeway  over  an  elevation  than  to  go  around  it,  because  the  ver- 
tical angle  can  be  made  with  but  slight  changes  in  the  machinery  and  no 
increase  of  cost,  while  the  horizontal  one  requires  an  angle  station  of 
special  construction  and  increases  cost. 

This  is  due  to  the  position  of  the  clips  and  hangers.  As  they  hang 
on  the  outside  of  the  rope  it  is  necessary  to  have  all  the  supporting 
sheaves  and  horizontal  sheaves  on  the  inner  side.  When  it  is  necessary 
for  both  lines  of  the  Ropeway  to  turn  a  horizontal  angle  the  sheaves  have 


Fig.  33. 


to  be  arranged  as  in  Figures  32  and  33.  The  rope  on  the  outside  of  the 
angle  can  be  carried  around  a  single  sheave  A,  as  the  hangers  will  be  on 
the  outside,  but  the  inner  rope,  which  should  be  the  empty  one,  must  be 
carried  across  and  over  the  other  or  loaded  rope  to  sheave  B,  then  around 
it  and  over  to  C,  then  around  it  and  over  both  the  loaded  and  itself  near 
sheave  A,  and  on  to  the  next  regular  tower.  The  ropes  have  to  cross  each 
other  so  as  to  clear  by  seven  or  eight  feet  in  order  to  let  the  buckets  pass 
without  fouling  the  rope  beneath.  Where  the  ground  will  permit,  the 
stations  are  set  so  as  to  get  the  difference  in  elevation  of  the  rope  by  the 
natural    topography  of  the  country,  as  in  Figure  32,  but  where  this   is- 


Fig.  31. 


ym^  'm^ma  v^-nim  mmfm  ^^^wmi  fmmim^^jl 


tf^\ 


29 

impracticable  a  special  angle  tower  must  be  built  of  the  t3'pe  shown  in 
Figure  33.  But  each  case  has  to  be  worked  out  for  itself  as  each  angle 
varies. 

A  Profile  of  the  line  of  the  proposed  Ropeway  should  be  made  from 
an  accurate  survey,  in  order  to  determine  the  height  and  distribution  of 
the  towers  and  the  arrangement  of  the  machinery  to  suit  the  case  best. 
The  profile  should  be  drawn  to  as  large  a  scale  as  practicable,  and  the 
same  scale  should  be  used  for  both  the  vertical  and  horizontal  distances. 
The  profile  furnishes  the  foundation  for  an  estimate,  and  serves  as  a 
guide  in  erecting  the  Ropeway. 


Illtjstrations  from  Practice.  Profile  No.  i,  in  the  back  of  this  book, 
is  a  profile  of  the  Ropeway  for  the  San  Juan  Mining  Company,  12,360 
feet  long,  and  illustrates  the  principle  of  placing  stations  on  the  high 
points  in  the  mountainous  country,  thus  practically  reducing  the  broken 
country  to  a  uniform  grade  without  doing  any  cutting  and  filling  as  in 
surface  roads.  On  reaching  the  flatter  country  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  the 
stations  are  placed  at  regular  intervals,  as  there  are  no  topographical 
features  to  be  accommodated. 

Profile  No.  2  is  a  profile  of  the  White  Cloud  Mining  Company's 
Ropeway  in  Nevada,  3,790  feet  long,  and  illustrates  very  clearly  the  ease 
with  which  the  Ropeway  can  be  made  to  overcome  the  enormous  irregu- 
larities of  the  country,  which  for  an}^  other  means  of  transportation  would 
form  an  insurmountable  barrier  on  account  of  the  great  cost  of  construc- 
tion.    How  many  miles  of  railroad   would    it  take  to  bring  the  ore  down 


30 


the  1,351  feet  which  is  here  done  by  3,790  feet  of  Ropeway?  Look  at 
the  grading  and  trestles  required  for  an  incline  plane  along  this  same 
profile. 

The  Longest  Line  we  have  built  is  one  for  the  Hall  Mines,  British 
Columbia,  which  is  23,797  feet  long — nearly  four  and  one-half  miles.  Our 
Figures  15  and  17  are  taken  from  photographs  of  this  line.      Much  of  the 


31 

line  is  through  dense  forests,  and  a  path  two  hundred  feet  wide  had  to  be 
cut  for  the  Ropeway  as  a  protection  against  forest  fires  and  falling  trees. 
This  cut  is  plainly  shown  in  Figure  17. 

The  line  has  a  fall  of  4,100  feet,  and  transports  ten  tons  per  hour 
during  all  kinds  of  weather.  The  snow  reaches  a  depth  of  sixteen  feet 
at  some  places  on  the  line.  The  system  is  operated  in  two  sections,  each 
of  about  two  and  one-quarter  miles  length. 

Figure  34  shows  the  large  log  bin  at  the  upper  end  of  this  Ropeway 
into  which  the  mine  cars  from  several  directions  dump  their  ore.  This 
view  was  taken  before  the  structure  was  roofed  in.  In  the  lower  part  of 
this  structure  is  the  upper  terminal  of  the  Ropeway. 

Figure  35  illustrates  the  bins  at  the  lower  end  of  the  line.  Here  the 
Ropeway  passes  over  the  bins  to  the  terminal  seen  in  the  back-ground  and 
dumps  its  load  into  whichever  bin  it  is  desired  by  setting  the  trip. 

Extract  from  article  in  Nelson,  B.  C,  TribH7ie  of  August    7,    1897  • 

"The  large  copper  furnace  at  the  Hall  Mines  has  been  running 
smoothly  since  being  blown  in  Saturday  morning.  During  the  first  five 
days  running,  up  to  six  o'clock  Thursday  morning,  2,250,020  pounds  of 
Silver  King  ore  were  put  through  the  furnace,  producing  215,934  pounds 
of  matte. 

' '  When  the  big  furnace  was  started  there  was  a  good  supply  of  ore 
in  the  bins  ;  as  the  Tramway  is  bringing  down  two  hundred  and  ten  tons 


32 

per  da}',  it  is  thought  that  a  long  and  profitable  run  will  be  made.  There 
is  an  ore  reserve  of  3,000  tons  at  the  mine,  and  if  pushed  the  Tramway 
can  deliver  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  tons  everj^  twenty-four  hours." 
Extract  from  the  report  of  the  directors  of  the  Hall  Mines,  Limited^ 
British  Columbia,  for  the  year  ending  September  30,  1897  : 

"  The  wire  Tramway  has  continued  to  give  satisfaction,  and  in  May 
advantage  was  taken  of  the  opportunity  afforded  by  the  closing  down  of 
the  blast  furnace,  pending  a  replenishment  of  the  stock  of  ore  in  the  ore 
bins  at  the  mine,  to  renew  the  wire  rope,  and  by  the  introduction  of  an 
improved  clip  strap,  permanence  and  regularity  in  the  working  have  been 
assured." 

Profile  No.  3  illustrates  the  profile  of  the  Ropeway  over  the  famous 
Chilcoot  Pass,  Alaska,  on  the  way  to  the  Klondike  gold  fields.  This  will 
transport  the  luggage  and  supplies  over  the  most  difficult  part  of  the 
journey.  (See  Fig.  39.)  The  south  end  is  some  fifteen  or  twenty  miles 
from  D3-ea,  the  country  affording  comparatively  good  traveling,  and  from 
the  north  end  the  journey  is  made  largely  by  water  through  lakes  and 
rivers.  The  Ropeway  displaces  some  five  to  ten  miles  of  tortuous  and 
extremely  rough  trail,  over  a  country  covered  with  massive  chunks  of 
rock,  dropped  from  surrounding  peaks.  In  fact  the  trail  is  so  rough  that 
it  is  impassable  for  animals,  and  everything  has  to  be  packed  over  by  men 


Fig.  40. 


causing  a  very  serious  delay  in  the  trip,  while  now  with  a  load  of  one 
hundred  pounds  on  each  bundle  carrier,  the  Ropeway  will  deliver  six  tons 
per  hour.  Hence  the  enormous  advantage  of  the  Ropeway  appears  for 
this  place. 

Summanzing  briefly: — 

The  foregoing  system  will  work  on  any  level  or  at  any  angle,  and  is 
applicable,  among  other  purposes  : 

For  conveying  ore  from  the  mine  to  the  mill. 

For  conveying  sugar  cane  from  field  to  mill. 

For  excavating  quantities  of  earth,  sand,  etc. 

For  the  construction  of  dams,  levees,  embankments,  etc. 

For  conveying  large  quantities  of  any  material  for  any  considerable 
distance. 

For  carrying  off  debris,  slickens,  tailings,  etc. 

For  transporting  produce,  lumber,  shingles,  shakes,  fuel,  nitre,  coal, 
etc.,  across  difficult  points,  and  to  and  from  shipping  in  an  offing. 

For  conveying  passengers  or  materials  across  gorges,  chasms,  and 

over  hazardous  roads. 

For  supplying  water  to  reservoirs  across  chasms. 


34 

The  advantages  claimed  are: 

No  road  grading  nor  building  is  required. 

It  can  work  under  all  circumstances  ot  weather,  with  great  depth  of 
snow  on  the  ground,  during  heav}'  storms  and  freshets. 

It  can  run  constantly  without  rest;  as  well  during  a  dark  night  as  on 
a  clear  day. 

It  will  work  up  hill  or  down  hill. 

It  can  cross  deep  gorges  and  chasms. 

It  can  pass  around  precipitous  bluffs  and  perpendicular  cliffs  or  over 
the  most  rugged  mountains. 

It  can  be  applied  to  grading — either  by  filling  the  buckets  in  the 
ordinary  way,  or  by  using  scrapers  instead  of  buckets,  on  the  rope,  where 
the  character  of  the  soil  will  permit. 

It  can  furnish  power,  when  the  angle  of  descentexceedsone  in  seven, 
by  the  gravitation  of  the  descending  load  of  five  tons  per  hour.  It  can 
transmit  power  by  means  of  an  engine  attached  to  either  end  at  the  same 
time  it  is  performing  its  other  functions. 

It  can  be  constructed  and  worked  cheaper  than  an}-  other  system 
can  be  constructed  and  worked  under  like  circumstances. 


Fig.  42. 


There  being  only  one  rope  used,  the  working  parts  are  reduced  to  a 
minimum.  The  carriers  being  fixed  to  the  rope  by  means  of  a  patent 
clip,  the  material  transported  can  never  be  lost  on  the  way. 

Please  bear  in  mind  that  we  have  erected  the  Hallidie  Ropeway  dur- 
ing the  past  twenty-six  years  throughout  the  continent  of  the  two 
Americas,  under  every  conceivable  circumstance,  and  have  never  made  a 
failure.  We  have  constructed  lines  with  spans  of  2,000  feet,  and  are  pre- 
pared to  erect  this  system  in  competition  with  any  other.  We  append 
herewith  some  of  the  testimonials  we  have  received,  and  shall  be  pleased 
to  estimate  on  any  proposed  line. 

We  will  send  a  competent  man  to  examine,  survey  and  report  on 
proposed  Ropeways,  and  will  furnish  close  estimates  of  cost. 

We  contract  for  either  supplying  the  material,  or  supplying  material 
and  superintending  erection,  or  for  the  line  complete  and  in  running 
order. 

Our  engineers  are  men  of  experience  and  understand  the  proper 
construction  needed  for  peculiar  conditions  and  locations.      Mine  owners 


36 

and  others  can   thus  avoid  the  mistakes  liable  to  be  made  by  those  inex- 
perienced in  this  method  of  transportation. 

Our  machinery  is  covered  by  U.  S.  lyetters  patents  No.  357664, 
422892,  466S80,  483442,  558666,  558645,  589654,  597904.  610353, 
624648  and  627258,  and  patents  pending;  and  notice  is  hereby  given 
that  no  unlicensed  use  of  the  inventions  covered  by  these  patents  will  be 
permitted. 

We  solicit  correspondence  in  regard  to  tramways  or  any  mechanism 
pertaining  to  or  in  relation  to  wire  rope.  Our  working  model  of  a  tiam- 
way  and  loader  is  on  exhibition  in  our  San  Francisco  and  Seattle 
ofiBce,  and  can  be  seen  working  at  any  time.  We  also  publish  pamph- 
lets on  the  transportation  of  sugar  cane  and  on  excavation  by  wire  rope. 
If  you  are  interested  in  any  of  our  lines,  we  will  be  pleased  to  cor- 
respond with  you  in  relation  to  same. 

Figure  43  shows  the  grain  of  the  iron  in  the  rim  of  the  supporting 
sheaves.  The  deep  chill  greatly  increases  the  wearing  qualities  of  the 
sheave. 


37 


Fig.  44. 


TESTIMONIALS  AND  EXTRACTS 


FROM    LETTERS    WHICH    SPEAK    FOR   THEMSELVES. 


Kendrick  Tramway,  ) 

E.  P-  Atchison,  Prop,  i 

Kendrick,  Idaho,  Nov.  19th,  1901. 
Messrs.  California  Wire  Works, 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Gentlemen: — Your  favor  of  the  14th  at  hand.  I  had  the  Brake  band  put  on, 
and  we  are  now  loading  every  bucket  with  wheat  or  apples  (boxed)  and  everything 
is  working  nicely.  It  is  pronounced  a  success  by  everybody  that  has  seen  it  work- 
We  are  nearly  through  for  this  year.  Both  terminals  are  under  cover  and  we  use  it 
whenever  we  need  to  take  grain  down. 

You  may  refer  any  one  to  me  that  is  interested  in  your   tramway,    for  handling 
grain  in  sacks  or  apples  in  boxes. 

Yours  truly, 

F.  P.  Atchison. 


*-»^-k^«^ir»(L">r"v 


38 


Emma  Hill  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,( 
Little  Cottonwood,  Utah.  \ 


Superintendent's  Office,  Sept.  28,  1872. 
The  Ropeway  constructed  by  you  (Haixidie's  Patent)  for  the  Emma  Hill  Con- 
solidated Mining  Company  has  been  built  in  a  most  substantial  and  workmanlike 
manner,  and  is  at  this  time  in  splendid  working  condition.  I  most  cheerfully  accept 
the  work  for  the  Company,  and  recommend  it  to  others  wishing  a  sure  and  speedy 
transit  for  ores  over  places  impracticable  for  wagon  roads,  etc. 

Respectfully, 

I.  U.  CoLBATH,  Superintendent. 


Office  of  the  Chicago  Silver  Mining  Co. 

Salt  Lake  City,  Dec.  i,  1874. 

I  have  pleasure  in  stating  that  your  Ropeway,  put  up  at  the  Chicago  Mine,  Ophir 
District,  Utah  Territory,  one  year  ago  last  summer,  has  been  in  constant  use  ever 
since,  and  with  the  most  satisfactory  results. 

The  line,  as  you  are  aware,  is  constructed  over  an  extremely  rugged  country,  one 
and  one-quarter  miles  in  length. 

For  the  first  half  mile  or  so  it  is  down  a  very  steep  mountain  side,  whence  it 
passes  over  the  brow  of  another  one;  thence  it  continues  down  Dry  Canyon  at  an 
angle  of  fifteen  to  eighteen  degrees. 

The  structure  is  an  entire  success,  the  entire  cost  of  which  has  moie  than  been 
saved  already,  although  it  has  not  been  worked  up  to  half  its  capacity. 

In  the  estimate  of  earnings  no  account  was  taken  of  supplies  sent  to  the  mine, 
including  water,  etc.,  by  no  means  an  inconsiderable  item. 

Truly  yours, 

W.  S.  GODBE, 

Manager  Chicago  S.  M.  Co.  {^Limited). 


[From  the  Utah  Mining  Journal,  Salt  Lake,  Sept.  2.3,  1872.] 

THE  VALLEJO  ROPEWAY. 
The  Vallejo  Tunnel  Company's  Tramway,  in  Little  Cottonwood,  built  on  the 
Hallidie'S  Patented  Plan,  is  a  complete  success.  It  is  between  2,300  and  2,400 
feet  in  length,  and  is  supported  by  thirteen  stations.  The  fall  in  this  distance  is 
about  600  feet,  and  the  wire  rope,  which  is  five-eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  will 
safely  and  easily  deliver  100  tons  in  six  hours.  The  machinery  is  automatic,  loading 
or  unloading  the  sacks  or  buckets.  The  stations  are  aDout  200  feet  apart,  and  the 
entire  apparatus  is  strong  and  safe.  As  the  wire  rope  is  elevated  about  forty  feet 
above  the  surface  of  the  hill,  the  Tramway  can  be  worked  all  winter  long  without  the 
slightest  trouble. 


Kernville,  Kern  County,  Cal.,  May  6,  1878. 
Your  Patent  Wire  Ropeway,  which  I  recently  erected  at  the  Harley  Mine,  near 
this  place,  works  entirely  satisfactory,  effecting  a  great  saving  in  the  cost  of  trans- 
porting ore  from  the  mine  to  the  mill,  and  in  sending  lumber  and  supplies  to  the 
mine.  The  cost  of  transporting  the  ore  by  pack-tram  was  five  dollars  per  ton — by 
your  Ropeway  it  does  not  exceed  fifty  cents.  The  length  is  one  mile  and  a  half,  the 
upper  end  having  an  elevation  of  over  3,000  feet  above  the  lower  end.  It  crosses  a 
deep  canyon  at  a  height  of  300  feet  from  the  surface  of  the  ground,  with  a  single  span 
of  750  feet;  and  altogether  the  ground  is  among  the  roughest  in  the  Sierra  Nevadas. 

Respectfully  yours, 

A.  BlaTCHLY,  M.  E. 


i  ■;         ,  -_         "•    -  ■----tap    ^ 

jp-     • ■■llip>  -tfc^  ;-  •»  /V     ,  ^ 


Chemical  I,aboratory  and  General  Mining  Offices,  | 
504  Washington  Street.  ( 

San  Francisco,  May  15,  1878. 
In  answer  to  your  inquiry  about  the  "  Wire  Ropeway,'  erected  by  my  advice  for 
the  Blue  Jacket  Mining  Company,  Bull  Run  District,  Elko  County,  Nev.,  I  have 
pleasure  in  stating  that  under  the  following  conditions  it  works  surpassingly  well, 
and  transports  the  ore  by  its  own  weight,  without  other  power,  for  nearly  a  mile, 
over  a  rough,  descending  grade  of  eleven  degrees  from  the  mine  to  the  mill,  at  a  cost 
of  about  twenty  cents  per  ton,  thereby  saving  at  least  two  dollars  per  ton,  compared 
with  horses.  Yours  respectfully, 

J.  S.  Phii.i,ips. 


OflBce  of  the  Joab   Lawrence  Company,     I 
Chas.  Read,Sec'y;  Joab  Lawrence,  Pres.  I 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  December  i,  1883. 

I  have  been  familiar  with  the  working  of  the  Hallidie  Wire  Ropeway,  con- 
structed eleven  (11)  years  ago,  on  the  then  property  of  the  Emma  Hill  Consolidated 
Mining  Company,  since  it  was  built,  and  have  had  charge  of  the  same  the  last 
seven  (7)  years.  It  has  been  in  practically  continuous  use  since  1872,  and  is  now  in 
operation  almost  every  day,  not  only  in  the  transportation  of  ore,  but  in  carrying 
mining  timbers,  lumber,  cordwood,  coal — in    fact,   everything  used    in   the   mines. 

I  can  heartily  recommend  the  Hallidie  Wire  Ropeway,  because  its  action  is 
simple,  it  is  comparatively  inexpensive,  both  in  construction  and  operation,  and  is 
practically  unlimited  in  capacity.  Yours,  etc., 

Chas.  Read. 


40 

Office  of  the  Standard  Consolidated  Mining  Company. 

vSan  Fr.vncisco,  December  6,  1S83. 
la  answer  to  your  request,  the  Standard  Consolidated  Mining  Companj' take 
great  pleasure  in  certifying  to  the  excellence  of  the  Hai,i.idie  Ropeway,  which  has 
been  in  almost  continuous  use  by  our  company  for  the  past  seven  j-ears. 

During  said  period  your  Ropeway  has  worked  to  our  entire  satisfaction,  and  by 
it  we  have  transported  many  thousand  tons  of  ore,  etc.,  from  the  mine  to  the  mill. 

That  we  are  pleased  with  it  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  we  continue  to  use  it,  and, 
aside  from  some  slight  and  immaterial  modifications,  your  Ropeway  is  as  it  was  in 
1876,  when  first  erected.  Truly  yours, 

John  H.  Boyd, 
Pres.  Standard  Con.  Mining  Co. 

Kealia,  Kauai,  H.  I.,  June  28,  1883. 
In  answer  to  your  inquiry  concerning  the  Hai^i^idie  Ropeway  erected  by  you, 
and  now  in  use  on  this  plantation,  for  transporting  cane  from  place  of  growth  to  the 
crushing  mill,  I  take  great  pleasure  in  replying  as  follows  :  The  line  is  about  one 
and  one-half  miles  in  length,  over  a  very  rough  country.  It  was  first  put  in  opera- 
tion in  February,  18S2,  and  since  which  time  it  has  been  almost  constantlj'  in  use, 
giving  entire  satisfaction,  and  proving  itself  to  be  the  cheapest  means  of  transporta- 
tion under  like  circumstances.  The  carrying  capacity  of  the  line  is  240  tons  in  ten 
hours.  The  power  required  to  move  the  line  is  taken  from  the  cane  engine  shaft  by 
employing  the  proper  sized  pulleys  and  belts.  The  line  should  be  constructed  of 
good  material,  and,  if  properly  erected,  will  do  its  work  satisfactorily  at  all  times. 

Yours  very  truly, 

Wm.  Blaisdell,  Manager. 


Kealia,  Kauai,  H.  I.,  June  i6,  1S82. 
The  HaIvIvIDIE  Ropeway  erected   by  you   several  months  ago,  on  this  planta- 
tion, is  a  perfect   success,  and  gives  entire  satisfaction.     When  we  are  able  to  keep 
the  line  supplied  with  cane,  it  gives  us  2,400  gallons  of  juice  per  hour.     The  line  is 
one  and  one-quarter  miles  in  length,  over  some  very  broken  country. 

Power  to  run  the  Ropeway  is  taken  from  the  cane  engine  by  bolting  on  to  the 
fly-wheel  arms  a  4-foot  pulley,  then  with  40  feet  of  lo-inch  belting  over  a  60-inch 
pulley  on  counter-shaft.  The  pinion  shaft  is  then  put  in  motion  by  10  inch  belting 
over  30-inch  pulley  on  counter  and  40-inch  pulley  on  pinion  shaft,  which  moves  the 
Ropeway  187  feet  per  minute. 

With  forty  pounds  of  steam,  on  closing  the  throttle,  without  the  Ropeway,  the 
engine  will  make  thirty  revolutions  before  stopping;  with  the  Ropeway  attached,  it 
will  make  twenty-six  or  twenty-seven  revolutions — showing  that  but  little  power  is 
reijuired  to  run  it.     The  line  has  a  fall  of  135  feet  in  the  whole  distance. 

Respectfully  yours, 

John  Sherman, 

Chief  Engineer. 


Paauhau,  H.  I.,  January  13,  1882. 
I  hereby  certify  that  Mr.  Hallidie's  Patent   Wire   Ropeway,  which  you 
have  put  up  on  the  Paauhau  Plantation  for  the  purpose  of  delivering  sugar-cane  to 
this  mill,  has  given  entire  satisfaction. 

It  does  fully  the  work  it  was  represented  to  do,  and  delivers  easily  the  quantity 
of  cane  stipulated  in  the  contract  directly  into  the  cane-carrier.     Yours  truly, 

A.  Otto, 
Manager  Paauhau  Mills,  Hawaii. 


42 

Pittsburg  Consolidated  Gold  Mines,  Limited. 

Pittsburg,  Nev.,  December  26,  1891. 
Our  ropeway  erecteJ  by  you  some  years  ago  has  done  and  is  doing  good  service, 

W.  A.  Mercer,  Manager. 

From  San  Juan  Mining  Co.,  Bahia  Angeles,  Lower  California. 

Butte,  Mont.,  May  6,  1893. 
Mr.  a.  S.  Hallidie,  Pres.,  San  Francisco: 

Dear  Sir: — As  per  enclosed  receipt,  I  forward  you  to-day  a  photo  of  part  of  our 
tramway  line  in  the  "San  Juan." 

This  photo  is  interesting  from  the  fact  that  it  plainly  shows  the  wire  cable  from 
the  Lower  Terminal  up  the  mountain  side  to  station  18,  a  distance  of  nearly  two 
miles.  Total  length  of  line  is  two  miles,  i.Soo  feet.  From  the  last  report  of  super- 
intendent at  the  mine,  the  tramway  is  doing  splendidly.  Fifty-two  tons  in  9>^  hours 
is,  I  think,  the  best  work  we  have  done  so  far,  which  is  quite  satisfactory,  as  you 
may  well  believe. 

With  best  wishes  for  the  continued  success  of  the  Tram  and  its  inventor, 

I  am,  yours  very  truly, 
(Signed)  F.  F.  Cranz. 


Office  of  the  Jackson  and  Lakeview  Mining  Company. 

LUNDY,  Cal.,  April  16,  1894. 

Gentlemen: — The  Hallidie  Wire  Ropeway,  erected  for  this  company  in  November, 
1891,  under  the  supervision  of  your  engineer,  Mr.  E.  I.  Parsons,  has  been  in  prac- 
tically continuous  use  since  that  time,  and  has  been  a  success  from  the  start. 

The  line  is  over  2,400  feet  in  length;  fitted  with  grip  pulley  and  brake  at  either 
end,  supported  on  fifteen  intermediate  stations  ranging  from  ten  to  thirty-four  feet 
in  height,  and  running  over  a  rugged  country  with  a  fall  of  practically  one  in  two. 

We  have  delivered  at  the  mill,  using  the  Ropeway  but  few  hours  in  the  day, 
over  12,000  tons  of  ore,  and  shipping  up  to  the  mine  hundreds  of  thousands  of  feet  of 
lumber  and  timber,  besides  all  other  mining  supplies;  and  all  at  a  very  low  rate  of 
cost;  we  ship  lumber  and  timber  of  any  length  up  to  eighteen  feet  with  ease  and 
safety. 

The  line  has  been  well  "kept  up,"  and  is  now  in  good  working  order,  at  a  cost  for 
new  parts,  repairs,  etc.,  since  November,  1891,  of  less  than  five  hundred  dollars 
(I500).  Yours  truly, 

(Signed)  R.  T.  Pierce,  Superintendent. 

Plomosas,  Sinaloa,  Mex. 

Replying  to  yours  concerning  the  Ropeway  for  transporting  wood  and  charcoal, 
erected  on  this  property  some  two  and  a  half  years  since,  would  say  as  follows:  The 
entire  length  of  the  same  is  about  9,000  feet,  has  three  angles,  supported  by  only  ten 
structures  in  its  entire  length,  with  spans  varj-ing  from  400  to  i,6co  feet  in  length. 
The  line  is  erected  over  some  of  the  most  rugged  mountainous  country  in  Mexico, 
and  cost,  complete  and  in  running  order,  about  119,000. 

[Extract  letter  of  April  15,  1886]: 

The  cost  of  wood  this  year  was  |35,ooo,  against  1152,000  j-ear  before,  without 
cable.  The  cost  of  $35,000  includes  all  repairs,  etc.,  since  erection.  We  are  ahead 
of  the  mill  10,000  yards  of  wood,  and ,  besides,  we  have  brought  down  all  the  charcoal 
that  has  been  burned  in  the  past  year  and  a  half.  The  wood  this  year  will  cost  30  per 
cent,  less  than  last  year.  B.  McInTyre. 


4S 

[Extract  letter  of  April  6,  1886] : 

As  we  have  stated  to  you  on  former  occasions,  our  "  Ropeway  "  still  continues  to 
do  its  work  well,  and  gives  every  satisfaction.  I  am  informed  that  the  transportation 
of  the  ore,  including  filling  the  buckets  and  repairs  to  Ropeway,  has  only  cost  ten 
cents  per  ton  since  erected,  three  years  ago. 

E.  W.  Thompson, 
For  Anglo-Mexican  Mining  and  Land  Co., 

Tapacoya,  Sinaloa,  Mex. 


[Extract  of  letter  from  Sir  Joseph  W.  Trutch,  Managing  Director  Hall  Mines, 
Ivtd.,  Nelson,  B.  C,  dated  March  11,  1898]  : 

"It  gives  me  much  pleasure  to  state  that  the  Ropeway  you  built  for  us  has  been 
working  most  satisfactorily.  *  *  *  it  has  been  carrying  a  good  deal  more  than 
ten  tons  an  hour  and  with  hardly  any  interruption.  *  *  *  I  can  only  say  that  as 
it  has  been  working  for  the  last  year,  the  Hallidie  system  has  done  for  us  more  than 
I  expected  of  it." 

The  above  Ropeway  is  23,797  feet  long  (4^  miles'),  and  in  that  distance  has  a  fall 
of  over  4,000  feet.  It  is  constructed  in  two  sections;  the  upper  one  10,300  feet  long, 
with  a  fall  of  1,620  feet;  is  in  the  storm  belt,  where  snow  falls  to  a  depth  of  twenty 
feet  in  places  and  the  wind  is  very  violent.  The  lower  section  is  13,500  feet  long, 
with  a  fall  of  2,400  feet.  This  is  in  a  milder  climate  and  relatively  free  from  great 
depths  of  snow. 

During  the  year  1897  the  Ropeway  conveyed  from  the  mines  to  the  smelting 
works  49,540  tons  of  ore. 

The  Company  has  decided  to  increase  the  capacity  to  100, oco  tons  per  annum, 
by  increasing  the  size  of  the  ore  carriers,  at  a  comparatively  small  outlay. 

The  Report  of  the  Directors  to  the  Stockholders  for  the  year  ending  September 
30,  1897,  states  that  "  The  Wire  Tramway  has  continued  to  give  satisfaction." 


Office  of  the  Wilmans  Mining  Co. 

Seattle,  Wash.,  March  31,  1894. 
Gentlemen: — The  Hallidie  Patent  Wire  Rope  Tramway  furnished  by  you  for  use 
at  our  mines  at  Monte  Cristo  has,  in  every  respect,  proved  entirely  satisfactory  to 
us.  Our  tramway  is,  I  believe,  on  one  of  the  steepest  grades  of  any  line  in  the  United 
States,  and  though  we  have  not  yet  tested  it  to  its  capacity,  it  has  done  sufficient 
work  to  warrant  us  in  recommending  it.  Yours  truly, 

(Signed)  F.  W.  Wilmans,  President  and  Manager. 


[Extract  ol"  letter]. 

MiRAMiR,  Costa  Rica,  C.  A.,  March  6,  1898. 
Mr.  S.  J.  Wilkins,  representing  the  California  Wire  Works  of  San  Francisco : 

I  am  very  much  pleased  at  the  way  the  "tram  "  is  working,  and  see  no  reason 
why  it  should  give  us  the  slightest  trouble, and  cannot  but  congratulate  you  on  the  ex- 
cellent job  you  have  done  for  us,  which  was  the  harder  from  being  in  a  foieign  land, 
where  your  help,  almost  entirely,  spoke  ia  a  foreign  language. 

Yours  truly, 

W.  R.   Crandall, 
Manager  Bella  Vista  Mining  &^  Milling  Co. 


44 

San  Francisco,  December  7,  1898. 
Messrs.  California  Wire  Works, 

330  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  : 
Gentlemen  : — I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  the  "  Hallidie  Wire  Ropeway  "  that 
you  furnished  for  the  "  Bella  Vista  Mining  and  Milling  Company,"  and  which  was 
constructed  by  Mr.  S.J.  Wilkins  of  your  city,  in  Costa  Rica,  Central  America,  has 
given  entire  satisfaction,  and  we  are  thoroughly  pleased  with  it.  It  was  finished  in 
February  of  this  year,  and  it  has  been  running  since  that  time. 

The  line  is  1,200  feet  long,  and  delivers  five  tons  of  ore  per  hour  with  ease  and 
econom}'.  Yours  very  truly, 

(Signed)  Edward  L.  Foutch, 

Business  Manager  The  Bella  Vista  M.  &»  M.  Co. 


Superintendent's  Office,  Goleta  Consolidated  Mining  Co. 

Jordan,  Mono  Co.,  Cal.,  Oct.  16,  1899. 
California  Wire  Works, 

No.  9  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  : 
Gentlemen : — The  Wire  Ropeway  purchased  from  you  four  years  ago  has  given 
entire  satisfaction.  The  automatic  ore-loader,  which  was,  I  believe,  the  first  erected 
under  this  patent,  saves  the  labor  of  two  men,  or  six  dollars  per  day.  One  man  now 
operates  and  breaks  the  tram,  sending  60  tons  of  ore  per  day  to  mill,  when  required, 
with  one-half  the  buckets  on  the  line  and  fills  the  loader  at  same  time.  This  capac- 
ity can  be  easily  increased  by  adding  the  other  buckets.  No  one  is  required  at  lower 
end  of  tram  excepting  when  supplies  are  sent  up.  The  cost  of  transportation  of  ore 
is  five  cents  per  ton.  Yours  truly, 

(Signed)  H.  W.  Nelson,  Superintendent. 


Extract  from  letter  from  R.  G.  Hart,  owner  Tex.  Con.  Mines  &  Mill,  Hart, 
Shasta  Co.,  Cal.  : 

January  30,  1894. 
I  have  a  Hallidie  Transmission  Ropeway,  one  mile  long,  to  transport  ore  from 
mine  to  mill  on  Sacramento  River.     It  cost  me  complete  about  six  thousand  dollars 
(16,000),  and  we  transport  fifty  tons  quartz  in  ten  hours ;  rope  3^  inch  diameter  steel 
wire.     Could  transport  much  more  by  putting  on  more  buckets. 

I  have  used  it  continuously  for  three  years,  and  am  using  it  now  every  daj^and 
can  recommend  it  to  any  one  wanting  cheap  transportation.  It  cost  me  |;i.ooper 
ton  to  haul  with  teams.  Now  it  costs  I9;'4  cents  per  ton,  counting  wear  and  tear  for 
three  years  to  January  i,  1894. 

I  have  no  doubt  about  the  Hallidie  Ropeway  transporting  blocks  or  cordwood 
at  a  nominal  cost.     The  roughness  of  country  cuts  a  small  figure. 

Very  truly  yours, 
(Signed)  R.  G.  Hart,  Sr. 


45 


Partial  List  of  Mining  and  Other  Companies 


HAVING 


BALLIDIE'S  PATENT  ROPEWAY  in  OPERATION 


Morning  Star,  Freiberg,  Nevada 1,250  feet 

Emma  Hill  Consolidated,  Little  Cottonwood 2,400  ' ' 

Vallejo  Tunnel,  Little  Cottonwood 2,350  " 

Chicago  Mine,  Ophir  District,  Nevada. 7. 100  " 

Harley  Mine,  Kernville,  California 7.29°  ' ' 

Blue  Jacket  Mining  Company,  Elko  County,  Nevada 5,000  " 

Standard  Mining  Company,  Bodie,  California 2,700  " 

Mineral  King  Mine,  Tulare  County,  California 5, 310  "^ 

Rainbow  Mine,  Sierra  County,  California 1,71°  " 

Wertherman's  Mine,  Durango,  Mexico 5, 000  " 

Surprise  Valley  Mill  and  Mining  Company,  Inyo  County,  California 3, 500  " 

Kealia  Sugar  Plantation,  Kauai,  Hawaiian  Islands,  in  sections 6,750  " 

General  Custer  Mine,  Custer  City,  Idaho 4 .750  " 

Columbus  Mine,  Garfield,  Colorado 4i750  " 

Mary  Murphy  Mine,  St.  Elmo,  Colorado 5,250  " 

Game  Ridge  Mill,  Rosita,  California 3,200  " 

Iowa  and  Colorado  Mine,  Summitsville,  Colorado 5.250  " 

Spring  Mountain  Mine,  Camas,  Idaho 3, 000  "- 

Hendrie  &  Bolthoff,  Denver,  Colorado 3.000  ' ' 

South  Pueblo  Machinery  Company,  Pueblo,  Colorado   5. 900  " 

Paauhau  Plantation,  Hawaii,  Hawaiian  Islands 5,120  " 

Brown  &  Warner,  Ames,  Ouray  County,  Colorado 2,706  " 

Ramshorn  Mining  Coraipany,  Bay  Horse,  Idaho 3.450  " 

Braden,  Smith  &  Co.,  Colorado 1,525  " 

Moline  Tunnel  Company,  Colorado 2,000  " 

Anglo-Mexican  M.  and  L-  Company,  Tapacoya,  Sinaloa,  Mexico 1,150  " 

Pena  &  Co.,  Plomosas,  Sinaloa,  Mexico 8,889  " 

Warriors  Mark  Mining  Company,  Colorado 1,928  " 


46 

Bullion  Smelting  Company,  Bullionville,  Nevada 3.000  feet 

Oold  King  Mining  Company,  Silverton,  Colorado 

Boston  and  Montana  Mining  Company,  Montana 

La  Trinidad  Mining  Company,  Sonora,  Mexico 7,920 

N.  G.  Arce,  Guadalajara,  Mexico 3,746 

Young  America  Consolidated  Mining  Company,  Sierra  County,  California  3,250 

Donaldson  Mine,  Idaho  Springs,  Colorado 3, 160 

Champion  Mine,  Colorado 5,620 

New  York  and  Honduras  Rosario  Mining  Company,  Honduras,  C.  A 6,000 

H.  B.  Clifford,  Guanajuato,  Mexico 5,280 

Rio  Grande  Mining  Company,  Kingston,  New  Mexico 3, 000 

Badigaato  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Company,  Mexico 3,ooo 

Phoenix  Gold  Mining  Company,  Sierra  County,  California 3,ooo 

Candelaria  Cons.  Mexican  Mining  Company,  San  Dimas,  Durango,  Mexico  7,030 

La  Compania  Minera  de  Panuco  Sinaloa,  Mexico 14,000 

La  Compania,  Minera  de  Cornish,  Sinaloa,  Mexico 700 

Pittsburg  Consolidated  Gold  Mines,  Ltd.,  Pittsburg,  Nevada 6,536 

Queen  of  the  West  Mining  Company,  Kokomo,  Colorado 1,47° 

Juneau  Gold  Mining  Company,  Juneau,  Alaska 5,280 

H.  P.  Gregory  &  Co.,  Sydney,  Australia 3,400 

The  Star  Mining  and   Reduction    Company  of  Montana,   Mt.  Raymond, 

California , 7,600 

Pride  of  the  Mountain  Mining  Company,  Getchell 

Antonio  Mercenario  Mina  Progreso,  near  Iguala,  Mexico 967 

Antonio  Mercenaric  Mina  Progreso,  near  Iguala,  Mexico 4,920 

Hope  Mining  Company,  Mill  City,  Nevada 1,600 

Texas  and  Georgia  Company,  Redding,  California 4,900 

Milwaukee  Mining  Company,  Ouray,  Colorado 2,800 

Copper  King  Mining  Company,  Clifton,  Arizona 9,900 

Jackson  and  Lakeview  Mining  Company,  Lundy,  California   2,400 

San  Juan  Mining  Company,  Bahia  Angeles,  Lower  California 12,365 

White  Cloud  Copper  Mining  Company,  Clemens,  Nevada 3,790 

Wilmans  Mining  Company,  Monte  Cristo,  Washington 4.525 

Compania  Concentradura,  La  Dura,  Sonora,  Mexico 606 

Golden  Cord  Mining  Company,  Monte  Cristo,  Washington 3,000 

Utica  Mining  Company,  Angels,  California 1,500 

Portola  Ropeway,  Woodside,  San  Mateo  County,  California 7.250 

Amarillas  Mining  Company,  Torres,  Sonora,  Mexico 504 

Creston  Colorado  Mining  Company,  Torres,  Sonora,  Mexico 822 

Poorman  Mining  Company,  Utah 5, 500 

Reward  Mining  Company,  Independence,  Inyo  County,  California 4,820 


47 

Hall  Mines,  I^imited,  Nelson,  British   Columbia 23,797  feet 

F.  A.  Newton,  Guadalajara,  Mexico 2,600  " 

Goleta,  Monecito  &  Sterling  Mining  Company,  Jordan,  California 1,672  " 

Starlight  Mining  Company,  El  Dorado,  California 1,250  " 

Consolidated  Mining  and  Smelting  Company,  Brigham  City,  Utah 8,000  " 

Mountain  Copper  Company,  Keswick,  California 1,280  " 

Mammoth-Garfield  Mining  Company,  Whitehouse,   California 4,825  " 

Gold  Queen  Mining  Company,  Montecello,  Utah   3,212  " 

45  Consolidated  Mining  Company,  Silverton,  Washington 12,880  " 

Alaska  Railway  &  Transportation  Company,  Chilcoot  Pass,  Alaska 8,320  " 

Bella  Vista  Mining  &  Mineral  Company,  Miramonte,  Costa  Rica,  C.  A.  . .    i,2co  " 
California  and  Hawaiian  Sugar  Refining  Company,  Crocket;,  California..    1,600  " 

North  Star  Mining  Company,  Grass  Valley,  California 312  " 

Lucky  Boy  Gold  Mining  Company,  Custer  City,  Idaho 3,760  " 

Utica  Mine,  Milton,  California 1,500  " 

London  and  British  Columbia  Gold  Fields,  Ltd.,  Ymir,  B.  C 2,000  " 

Helen  Mines,  Fort  Jones,  Siskiyou  County,  California 3,7oo 

Don.  Maguire,  Odgen,  Utah 4,333  " 

Peyton  Chemical  Works,  Martinez,  Cal 400  " 

Eastern  Oregon  Mining  Co.,  Bourne,  Baker  Co.,  Oregon 7  600  " 

Lightner  Mining  Co.,  Angles  Camp,  Cal 1,585  " 

E.  P.  Atchison,  Kendrick,  Idaho 2,500  " 

Lucky  Girl  Mine,  Whiterock,  Nev 4,200  " 

El  Dorado  Lumber  Co.,  Placerville,  Cal 3  000  " 

Oceanic  Quick  Silver  Co.,  Cambria,  Cal 2,500  " 

California  Mining  Co.,  SanDimas,  Mexico 1,600  " 

W.  A.  Magee,  D.  H.  Moseley,  Agent,  Boise,  Idaho 1,100  " 


w% ; "' 


4 


Fig.  48. 


Please  fill  in  the  following  blanks,  tear  out  of  book  and  forward  to  our  address.     We  can  then  give  you  an  estimate  of  cost. 


Name  of  mine  or  property 

Location 

Post-oflSce  address 

Name  of  corporation  or  owners 

Name  of  Manager  or  Superintendent 

Distance  from  and  name  of  the  nearest  railway  station  or  sea-port 

Length  of  proposed  Ropeway 

Difference  in  level  of  ends 

Which  end  is  higher,  the  receiving  or  delivery? 

Quantity  and  character  of  material  to  be  delivered  per  hour 

Quantity  and  character  of  material  (if  any)  to  be  returned  per  hour 

Character  of  country  on  the  route  of  proposed  Ropeway 

Number  of  cafions,  and  length  of  spans,  exceeding  200  feet 

Does  snow  fall?     If  so,  depth 

Mode  of  transportation  from  railroad  or  port  to  Ropeway  site 

Cost  of  transportation  from  railroad  or  port  to  Ropeway  site 

Cost  of  timber  and  lumber  at  site 

Wages  of  mechanics  per  day Wages  of  laborers  per  day. 

Mechanical  loader  wanted  or  not 

Please  add  any  further  information 


Dated  at.. 


In  order  to  make  estimate  of  cost,  a  survey  of  ro7de  should  be  made  by  a  competent  engineer.     A  straight  line  should  be   maintained  between 
ends  ij  possible.     It  is  usually  more  economical  to  go  over  a  hill  than  around  it. 

Send  us  your  engineer' s  profile  and  topographical  plan  of  survey^  or  we  can  send  a  competent  and  experietued  engineer  to  survey  a7id  locate  line. 


2:;:^: 


PROFILE   NO.  1 


LONGITUDINAL     PROFILE 


..HALLIDIE       ROPE-WAY 

ERECTED    FOR    SAN   JUAN     MINING      COMPANY    at 
BAHIA     ANGELES,     BAJA     CALI  FORNl A  MEX. 


SanTrancibCo  April  1894. 


ER.  TCHMIHM. 


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PROFILE   NO.  2 


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THR  GRKAT  INCLINE  OF  THE  MT.  LOWE  RAILWAY      (From  a  Photograph.) 
Pasadena,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  California.  Designed  and  erected  by  California  Wire  Works,  San  Franciscc 


22  8  8 


UWIVEUSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

AT 

LOS  ANGELES 

!  '         ■:••' 


